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Huge Microbiology Blood Training Complete Collection

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Training Skills Direct



Training Skills Direct
Microbiology and Blood Collection

Bacteriology
Blood Electrolytes and Intravenous Infusions
Clinical Chemistry
Epidemiology and Microbiology
Hematology
Immunohematology and Blood Banking
Immunology
Laboratory Mathematics
Microbiology for the Veterinary Specialist
Mycology
Parasitology
Urinalysis
Microbiology and Blood Collection

Microbiology and Blood Collection Bundle CD-ROM brought to you by Training Skills Direct.

  • 12 Training Course Collection
  • 2547 Pages
  • 16 Training Manuals
  • 74 Complete Lessons

Complete Installation Package

Either run this training course bundle from the CD-ROM or install directly onto your computer with full access from your Windows Start menu. The training courses are provided in PDF format and they are fully indexed for easy navigation.


*Box image used for illustration purposes only. You will receive a CD-ROM in a protective sleeve and mailer. This listing is for a CD-ROM. You will not receive a hard copy book.

*Available for Windows only. Not compatible with Mac OS X.




Bacteriology Training Course


    

Training Manual - Bacteriology (266 Pages)



Lesson 1 - Introduction

Section I. Host-parasite Relationships
Causation of Microbial Disease
Terminology
The Infectious Process

Section II. Aspects of Pathogenicity
Capsulation
Bacterial Toxins
Extracellular Enzymes

Section III. Host Resistance
Nonspecific Factors
Specific Factors-Immunological Response

Section IV. The Bacterial Cell
Autotrophic Bacteria
Heterotrophic Bacteria
Morphology
Structure of Bacteria
Identification of Bacteria
Pathogenic Bacteria

Section V. Collecting and Processing of Bacteriological Specimens
Basic Principles
Collecting and Processing of Blood Cultures.
Collecting and Processing of Specimens from Therespiratory Tract
Collecting and Processing Urine Specimens
Collecting and Processing of Fecal Specimens
Collecting and Processing Body Fluids
Collecting and Processing Exudate Specimens
Processing of Specimens for Shipment
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Microscopic Examination and Cultivation of Bacteria

Section I. Microscopic Examination of Bacteria
Preparation of Smears for Staining
Acid-Fast Stain (Ziehl-Neelsen)
Acid-Fast Stain (Kinyoun Modified)
Capsule Outline (India Ink)
Capsule Stain (Hiss Method)
Flagella Stain (Leifson Method Modified)
Gram Stain (Hucker's Modification)
Methylene Blue Stain
Spore Stain (Wirtz-Conklin)
Staining of Blood Smears
Preparation of Wet Unstained Mounts for Microscopicexamination

Section II. Cultivation of Bacteria (Media)
Composition of Media
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)

Section III. Environmental Factors
Temperature
Oxygen Requirements
Carbon Dioxide Requirements

Section IV. Anaerobic Methods
Basic Principles
Collection and Transport of Clinical Materials
Examination of Smears
Inoculation of Primary Isolation Media
Incubation and Subculture
Procedure After Incubation

Section V. Antibacterial Agents, Sterilization, Andaseptic Technique
Antibacterial Agents
General Comments on Sterilization
Media Preparation
Heat
Filtration
Radiation
General Comments on Aseptic Technique
Working Area
Disposal of Contaminated Materials
Personal Cleanliness

Section VI. Isolation of Bacteria
Inoculating Loops and Needles
Streak Plate
Pour Plate Method
Test Tube Cultures
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Common Tests and Gram-Positive Cocci

Section I. Common Tests
Bile Solubility Test
Carbohydrate Fermentation Test
Catalase Test
Citrate Test
Coagulase Test
Ferric Chloride Test
Gelatin Liquefaction Test
Hydrogen Sulfide Test (Lead Acetate Paper Test)
Indole Test
Methyl Red Test
Nitrate Reduction Test
Oxidase Test
Urease Test
Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test

Section II. Gram-Positive Cocci: Staphylococci
Pathogenicity of Staphylococci
Cultural Characteristics of Staphylococci
Laboratory Indentification of Staphylococci
Confirmatory Procedures

Section III. Gram-Positive Cocci: Streptococci
Introduction to the Streptococci
Hemolytic Patterns
Pathogenicity of the Streptococci
Cultural Characteristics of the Streptococci
General Identification Streptococci
Beta Hemolytic Streptococci
Differentiation of Other Streptococci

Section IV. Gram-positive Cocci: Pneumococci
Morphology of Pneumococci
Growth Requirements of Pneumococci
Colony Characteristics of Pneumococci
Pathogenicity of Pneumococci
Laboratory Identification of Pneumococci
Confirmatory Studies
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Gram-Negative Cocci and Gram-Positive Bacilli

Section I. Introduction
General Comments About the Neisseriae
Common Characteristics of the Neisseriae

Section II. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Pathegenicity
Criteria for Women
Criteria for Men
Special Situations
Obtaining Specimens for Culture - Women
Obtaining Specimens for Culture - Men
Conditions for Inoculation of Modified Thayer-Martin Medium
Modified Thayer-Martin Medium in Plates
Co2-Generating Tablets
Modified Thayer-Martin Medium Bottles
Incubation
Presumptive Identification of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Confirmatory Identification of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Arbohydrate Utilization Tests for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Confirmation of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Section III. Neisseria Meningitidis
Pathogenicity
Similarity to Gonococci
Source
Identification

Section IV. Gram-Positive Bacilli: Corynebacteriaand Related Species
General Comments About the Gram-Positive Bacilli
General Comments About the Genus Corynebacterium
Cultivation of Corynebacteria
Pathogenicity of Corynebacteria
Laboratory Identification of Corynebacteria
Listeria Monocytogenes
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Section V. Gram-Positive Bacilli: Bacillus Species
Bacillus Spore Formation
Bacillus Cultures
Pathogenicity of Bacillus
Laboratory Identification of Baci-species

Section VI. Gram-Positive Bacilli: Clostridia
Growth Requirement of Clostridia
Appearance of Clostridia
Pathogenicity of Clostridia
Laboratory Identification of Clostridium Species

Section VII. Gram-Positive Bacilli: Mycobacteria
Pathogenicity
General Procedures
Appearance of Mycobacteira
Tration for Cultivation
Cultivation of Mycobacteria
Virulent Strains of Mycobacteria
Saprophytic Mycobacteria
Confirmatory Procedues for Mycobacteria
Catalase Test (for Acid-Fast Bacilli)
Neutral Red Test (for Acid-Fast Bacilli)
Niacin Test (for Acid-Fast Bacilli)
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Enterobacteriaceae

Section I. Introduction
Normal Flora and General Identification of Species
Morphology and Culture

Section II. Pathogenicity of Enterobacteriaceae
Pathogenicity of the Genus Escherichia
Pathogenicity of the Genus Klebsiella
Pathogenicity of the Genus Enterobacter
Pathogenicity of the Genus Proteus
Pathogenicity of the Genus Salmonella
Pathogenicity of the Genus Shigella

Section III. Enteric Media
Categories of Enteric Media
Lactose Fermentation
Differential Media
Selective Media
Enriched Media
Tubed Differential Media
Isolation of Enteric Pathogens from Fecal Specimens

Section IV. Preliminary Screening of Cultures Forenterobacteriaceae
Colony Characteristics
Use of Less Inhibitory Media
IMViC Tests

Section V. Identification of Enteric Organisms
Lysine Decarboxylase Test (Falkow Method)
Decarboxylase Tests (Moeller Method)
Phenylalanine Deaminase Test
Malonate Test
Pectolysis Test (Martin and Ewing)
Motility Test
The Proteus and Providencia Genera
The Enterobacter and Klebsiella Genera
The Genus Salmonella
The Genus Shigella
The Genus Escherichia
Morphology
Cultural Characteristics
Laboratory Identification
Pathogenicity
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 6 - Other Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacilli and Antibiotic Sensitivity Tests

Section I. Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Pseudomonas Pseudomallei

Section II. Brucella
General Types
Culture
Pathogenicity
Laboratory Identification

Section III. Haemophilus
Morphology
Cultural Characteristics
Pathogenicity and Identification

Section IV. Bordetella
Identification

Section V. Francisella Tularensis
Morphology
Cultural Characteristics
Laboratory Identification
Pathogenicity

Section VI. Miscellaneous Organisms
Bacteroides Fragilis
Streptobacillus Moniliformis

Section VII. Antibiotic Sensitivity Tests
Antibiotic Resistance
Preventing Emergence of Resistant Strains of Bacteria
Laboratory Antibiotics Methods for Determining Sensitivityof an Organism to Antibiotics
Kirby-Bauer Method for Determining Bacterial Sensitivity
Exercises
Solutions





Blood Electrolytes and Intravenous Infusions Training Course

    

Training Manual - Blood, Electrolytes and Intravenous Infusions (79 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Human Blood

Section I. Blood Parts
Properties and Functions of the Blood
Blood Cells

Section II. Function of the Blood in Trauma-Hemostasis
Temporary Plug
Muscle Constriction
Clot Formation

Section III. Blood Types or Groups
Major Groups
A-B-O Group
Rh Factor
Other Blood Groups
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Fluids and Electrolytes

Section I. Body Fluids
Normal Fluid Content in the Body
Processes for Maintaining Water Balance
Categories of Fluids

Section II. Electrolytes in Body Fluids
Electrolytes
Acid-base Balance
Nature of Solutions
Diffusion and Osmosis
Crystalloid and Colloid Solutions
Normal Fluid Loss
Abnormal Fluid Loss
Replacing Abnormal Fluid Loss
Enzymes
Hormones
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Intravenous Preparations and Methods for Administration

Section I. Infusions
Intravenous Preparations
Categories of Intravenous Fluids and Their Uses
Hydrating Solutions
Electrolyte Replacement Solutions
Nutrient Solutions (Hyperalimentation Products)
Requirements for Intravenous Solutions/Intravenous Admixtures
Precautions for Using Fluid Therapy
Site for Venipuncture
Principles of Intravenous Therapy
Complications
Calculating the Intravenous Drip Rate
Explanation of Drip Rate Formula
Example of a Drip Rate Calculation

Section II. Transfusions
Products for Transfusion
Site for Venipuncture When a Blood Product Is Used
Rate of Transfusion
Adverse Blood Product Reactions
General Principles of Transfusion
Blood Tests

Section III. Infusion Procedures
Equipment Required for the Infusion
Procedure for Venipuncture
Discontinue an Intravenous Infusion
Special Considerations for Transfusions

Section IV. Venous Cutdown
Reasons for Using the Venous Cutdown
Venous Cutdown Procedure
Exercises
Solutions


Appendix - Glossary of Terms





Clinical Chemistry Training Course

    

Training Manual 1 - Clinical Chemistry 1 (205 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Laboratory Safety

Section I. Safety Principles
Safety Program
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Work Area

Section II. Volatile and Hazardous Materials
Volatile Flammables
Hazardous Materials
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Collection, Preservation and Shipment of Specimens

Section I. Collection and Preservation of Specimens
Collection and Preservation of Blood Specimens
Collection and Preservation of Serum
Collection and Preservation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collection and Preservation of Serous Fluid
Collection and Preservation of Synovial Fluid
Collection and Preservation of Amniotic Fluid
Collection of Urine
Preservation of Urine
Collection of Fecal Specimens

Section II. Criteria for Collection and Acceptance of Specimens
Collection Variables
Criteria for an Unacceptable Sample

Section III. Shipment of Specimens
Shipment of Specimens
Chain of Custody
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Measurement of Weights and Volumes

Section I. Measurement of Weights
Balances
Principles of Weighing
Types of Balances
Mechanical Balances
Electronic Balances
Proper Use and Care of the Balance
Performance

Section II. Measurement of Volume
Volumetric Glassware
Volumetric Flasks
Manual Pipettes
Automatic and Other Kinds of Pipettes and Dispensers
Burets
Factors in the Selection and Use of Pipettes
Cleaning of Glassware
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Introduction to Quality Control

Section I. Quality Control System
Quality Control System
Common Errors

Section II. Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry
Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry
Mean (Arithmetic) Average
Standard Deviation
Percent Coefficient of Variation
Establishing a Quality Control Program
Constructing and Interpreting a Quality Control Chart (Levey-Jennings)
Westgard Multi-Rule Chart
Quality Control Review
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Section I. Introduction to Basic Concepts
Significance of Organic Chemistry
Carbon and Basic Organic Structures

Section II. Classes of Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Organic Acids
Esters
Ethers
Amines
Amides
Thiols (Mercaptans)
Exercises
Solutions



Training Manual 2 - Clinical Chemistry 2 (97 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Carbohydrates

Section I. Introduction to Carbohydrates
Chemical Composition of Carbohydrates
Nomenclature of Carbohydrates
The Classification of Carbohydrates
The Metabolism of Carbohydrates

Section II. Glucose Determination
Body Sources of Glucose
The Clinical Significance of Abnormal Blood Sugar Levels
The Glucose Oxidase Method of Glucose Determination
The Colormetric Method - Ortho-Toluidine
The Ultraviolet (UV) Method
The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

Section III. Hormonal Control of Blood Glucose Levels
Insulin
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids
Epinephrine
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Exercises
Solutions

Lesson 2 - Lipids

Section I. Lipids
Introduction to Lipids
Definition
Functions of Lipids
Classification of Lipids


Section II. Fats
Introduction to Fatty Acids

Section III. Triglycerides
Introduction to Triglycerides
The Structure of Triglycerides
Properties of Triglycerides
Metabolism of Triglycerides
Analysis of Triglyceride

Section IV. Cholesterol
Introduction to Cholesterol
Structure of Cholesterol
Properties of Cholesterol
Metabolism of Cholesterol
Clinical Significance of Cholesterol
The Theoretical Considerations of Cholesterol Analysis
The Analysis of Cholesterol by the Cholesterol Oxidase Method
Alternative Determination of Total Cholesterol (Fe+++, H2SO4 Method)
The High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Determination (Precipitation Method)

Section V. Lipoproteins
Clinical Significance of Inherited Defects in Lipoprotein Patterns
The Analysis of Lipoproteins by Electrophoresis
The Normal Range Lipoproteins

Section VI. Total Lipids
Introduction to Total Lipids
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Proteins

Section I. Introduction to Proteins
Body Functions Performed by Proteins
Chemical Composition of Proteins
Chemical Structure of Proteins
Importance of Proteins to the Laboratory Technician
Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin

Section II. Total Protein Determination
The Determination of Total Protein in Serum
The Clinical Significance of Abnormal Levels of Serum Protein
Other Methods of Total Protein Determination

Section III. Albumin Determination
Albumin Determination
Clinical Significance of Abnormal Levels of Albumin in the Serum
Globulin
Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio

Section IV. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Protein Determination
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Determination
Clinical Significance of Abnormal Levels of Protein in the CSF
Preference for the Tca Method

Section V. Urine Protein
The Semiquantitative Screening Test for Urine Protein
Additional Semiquantitative Test for Urine Protein
Quantitative Test for Urine Protein
The Clinical Significance of Abnormal Levels of Protein in the Urine
Bence-Jones Proteins

Section VI. Routine Electrophoresis
General Principles of Routine Electrophoresis
The Electrophoretic System
Normal Values for Electrophoresis
The Clinical Significance of the Electrophoresis Procedure

Section VII. Immunofixation Electrophoresis
Immunoglobulins
Immunofixation Electrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis

Section VIII. Fibrinogen
Importance of Fibrinogen
The Source and Function of Fibrinogen
The Fibrinogen Molecule
The Clinical Importance of Fibrinogen Levels in the Plasma
The Value of a Fibrinogen Screening Test
The Fibrinogen Screening Test
Other Tests for Fibrinogen
Exercises
Solutions





Epidemiology and Microbiology Training Course

    

Training Manual - Epidemiology and Microbiology (88 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Introduction Disease Transmission and Epidemiology

Responsibilities for Health
Definitions
Communicable Diseases
The Chain of Disease Transmission
Disease Agents
Sources of Disease (Reservoirs)
Means of Disease Transmission (Mode of Transmission)
Susceptible Person (Host)
Multiple Causation
Communicable Disease Control
Epidemiology
Uses of Epidemiology
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Public Health Microbiology

Section I. Introduction
Types of Cells
Types of Cell Reproduction
Classification of Organisms
Observation and Measurement

Section II. Bacteria
Morphology of Bacteria
Structure of Bacteria
Identification of Bacteria
Pathogenic Bacteria
Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae and Mycoplasmp

Section III. Viruses
Morphology and Physiology of Viruses
Bacteriophages
Pathogenic Viruses

Section IV. Fungi
Morphology of Fungi
Physiology of Fungi
Classification of Fungi
Pathogenic Fungi

Section V. Protozoa
Classification of Protozoa
Pathogenic Protozoa
Classification of Helminths
Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Trematodes (Flukes)
Nematodes (Roundworms)
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Practical Application of Microbiology

Section I. Microbiology of Water and Sewage
Sewage Microbiology

Section II. Disinfection and Sterilization
Physical Agents
Chemical Agents

Section III. Packing Microbiological Specimens for Shipment
Importation and Interstate Shipment of Human Pathogens and Related Materials
Exercises
Solutions





Hematology Training Course

    

Training Manual 1 - Hematology 1 (231 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Blood

The Composition of Blood
Formation of Blood Cells
Normal Cell Maturation
Abnormal Cell Maturation
Functions of Blood Cells
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Material Employed in Hematology

Laboratory Reagents
Laboratory Glassware
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Collection of Blood and Preparation of Blood Smears

Collection of Blood Specimens
Preparation and Staining of Blood Smears
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Morphology of Blood Cells

General Information
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
The Leukemias
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Manual Cell Counts

Manual Counts, Blood Specimens
Manual Counts, Other Body Fluids
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 6 - Hematocrit, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Hemoglobin

Hematocrit
Eryghrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Hemoglobin
Exercises
Solutions
Appendix - Glossary of Terms



Training Manual 2 - Hematology 2 (191 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Differential Leukocyte Count and Other Procedures

Differential Leukocyte Count
Erythrocyte Indices and Fragility Tests
Demonstration of L.E. Cells
Special Stains
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Blood Coagulation

Introduction
Coagulation System
The Coagulation Mechanism
Coagulation Studies
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Anemia

Diagnosing Anemia
Laboratory Assessment of Anemia
Anemia as Categorized by Morphology
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Leukemias

Morphologic Disorders of the Leukocyte
Classification of Leukemias
Diagnostic Special Stains
Exercises
Solutions
Appendix - Glossary of Terms




Immunohematology and Blood Banking Training Course

    

Training Manual 1 - Immunohematology and Blood Banking 1 (135 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Blood Collection, Processing, Storage and Shipment

Section I. Blood Collection and Processing
Blood Donors
Blood Donor Registration
Donor Selection
Medical History of Potential Donors
Permanent Deferment of Donors
Twelve Month Deferment of Donors (In Case Hepatitis Develops)
Special Donor Categories
The Collection of Blood
Materials and Instruments Used in Blood Collection
Blood Containers
The Identification of Materials
Preparation of the Venipuncture Site
Phlebotomy and Collection of Samples for Processing and
Start Care of the Donor After Phlebotomy
Donor Reactions
Processing Requirements for Donor Blood

Section II. Blood Storage and Shipment
Background Information
Anticoagulant Preservatives
Refrigeration of Blood
Transportation of Blood
Transportation of Frozen Components
Donor Blood Inspection
Bacteriologic Procedures
Requirements for Reissuance of Blood
Transportation of Infected Reagents
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Immunogenetics

Section I. Blood Group Immunogenetics
Genetic Terminology
Gene Action
Dominant and Recessive Traits
Modes of Inheritance
Gene Interaction
Immunogenetic Systems

Section II. The ABO System
Genetic and Biochemical Considerations
Cell and Serum Activity
General Principles for All Serologic Testing
Routine Testing for ABO
Less Common Phenotypes
Special Procedures-test for Hemolysins
Discrepancies Between Cell and Serum Results

Section III. The Rh System
Rh-Positive and Rh-Negative
Other Major Antigens
Inheritance and Nomenclature
Rh Variant (Du)
Other Rh Antigens
The LW Problem
Rhnull Syndrome
Rh Antibodies
Prevention of Rho(D) Immunization
Rh-Typing
Tests for Antigens Other Than Rho(D)
General Considerations in Rh-Testing

Section IV. Other Blood Group Systems
Lewis System
I Blood Group System
Kell Blood Group System
P Blood Group System
Duffy Blood Group System
Kidd Blood Group System
MNSs Blood Group System
Lutheran Blood Group System
Exercises
Solutions



Training Manual 2 - Immunohematology and Blood Banking 2 (195 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Immunohematology

Section I. The Immune Response and the Interaction of Antigens, Antibodies and Complement in Immunohematology
The Immume Response
Antigens
Antibody Synthesis
Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
Immunization to Blood-Group Antigens
Antibody Structure, Function and Properties
Antigen-Antibody Reactions in Blood Group Serology
Agglutination
Hemolysis
Complement
The Classic Complement Pathway
The Alternative Complement Pathway
Stability of Complement with Particular Reference to Thedetection of Blood-group Antibodies

Section II. The Antiglobulin Test
Principles of the Antiglobulin Test
Direct Antiglobulin Test
Indirect Antiglobulin Test
Role of Complement in the Antiglobulin Reaction
Mechanisms for Sensitization of Red Blood Cells by Complement
Standardization of Antiglobulin Serums
Polyspecific Antiglobulin Reagents
Monospecific Antiglobulin Serums
Factors Affecting the Antiglobulin Test
Sources of Error

Section III. Red Blood Cell Antibodies
Alloantibodies
Procedures
Reading and Interpretation of Reactions
Reagent Red Blood Cells
Serum
Controls
Antibody Detection
Antibody Identification
Use of Red Blood Cell Panels
Antigenic Frequency
Interpretation of Common Panel Results
Antibodies Not Easily Identified
Useful Additional Notes
Cold Antibodies
Titration
Absorption
Elution

Section IV. Determination of Compatibility
Determination of Compatibility
Collection of Blood from Recipient
Pretransfusion Testing of the Recipient
Selection of Blood
Massive Transfusion
Techniques for Crossmatching
Incompatible Crossmatch
Labeling and Release of Crossmatched Blood
Retention and Storage of Blood Samples
Release of Blood in Emergency Situations
Crossmatch in Presence of Prolonged Clotting Time
Compatibility Testing After Infusion of Synthetic Plasma Expanders
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Immune Hemolytic Anemia and Hemolytic Diseases of the Newborn

Section I. Investigation of a Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test and Immune Hemolytic Anemia
Immune Hemolytic Anemia
General Serologic Investigations
Specificity of Autoantibody
Cold Agglutinin Titer. Thermal Amplitude and Confirmation of Anti-l(i) Specificity
ABO and Rh Grouping
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Warm Antibodies
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Cold Antibodies
Drug-Induced "In Vivo" Red Blood Cell Sensitization
Laboratory Investigation Op Drug-related Problems
Detection of Antibodies to Penicillin and Cephalothin

Section II. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Classification
Mechanisms of Maternal Immunization
Transfer of Antibody to the Fetus
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Hemolytic Disease
Prenatal Studies
Laboratory Investigation of Hemolytic Disease of Newborns During the Neonatal Period
Treatment of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human)-RhIG
Massive Fetomaternal Hemorrhage
Maternal Alloimmunization to Platelets, Neutrophils and Protein All O Types
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Blood Transfusion

Section I. Blood Transfusion Practice
Transfusion of Blood Products Containing Red Blood Cells
Transfusion of Platelets
Blood Products Used to Replace Plasma Coagulation Factors
Plasma Substitutes
Special Situations Involving Transfusion
Administration of Blood Products

Section II. Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion
Immediate Effects
Delayed Effects
Records of Transfusion Complications

Section III. Prevention of Hepatitis
Background
Selection of Donors
Testing for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C in Blood
Recipient Follow-up for Post-transfusion Hepatitis
Hepatitis-implicated Donors and Those Found to Have Hepatitis B Surface Antigen or Hepatitis C Virus
Use of Gamma Globulin with Transfusions
Laboratory Safety
Exercises
Solutions





Immunology Training Course

   

Training Manual - Immunology (130 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Immunity

Section I. Introduction to Immunity
Types of Immunity

Section II. Immune Response
Specific Immune Response
Antigen Elimination
Induction of the Immune Response
Theories of Immunoglobulin Formation
Nonspecific Responses Represent the Body's Initial
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Overview of the Immune System

Section I. Antigens
Immunogenicity

Section II. Antibodies
Structure
Characteristics of Immunoglobulin Classes

Section III. Complement
Roles of Complement
The Classical Pathway
The Alternative Pathway
The Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Control Mechanisms
Biological Effects of Complement Activation
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Cells of the Immune System

Section I. Introduction
Lymphoid Tissues
Lymphocytes
Development of B Cells and T Cells
Macrophages

Section II. B Cells and Humoral Immunity
Antigen Processing and Presentation
Antigen Triggering of Specific T Cells
B Cell Activation
Antibody and Memory B Cell Production

Section III. T Cells and Cellular Immunity
Antigen Stimulated T Cells
Biologic Expression
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - HLA Complex

Section I. Immunogenetics
Genetics of Immune Regulation

Section II. HLA Complex
Nomenclature
Classifications
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Immunological Techniques

Section I. Introduction
Context
Application

Section II. Precipitation Reactions
Precipitation Reactions
Immunodiffusion

Section III. Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)
Principle
Interpretation

Section IV. Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)
Principle
Monoclonal Gammopathies

Section V. Enzyme Immunoassay Techniques
Types of Enzyme Immunoassays
Conjugate Enzymes
Substrates
Clinical Applications
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 6 - Antinuclear Antibodies and Testing

Section I. Immunofluorescent Microscopy
Immunofluorescent Methods
The Fluorescent Microscope

Section II. Antinuclear Antibodies
Related Diseases
Antinuclear Antibodies

Section III. Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Test (FANA)
Reporting Results
Nuclear Patterns
Limitations
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 7 - Viral Immunity

Section I. Virology
Structure of a Virus
Classification of Viruses

Section II. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Classification
Structure
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Transmission
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-cell Interactions
Damage to the Immune System
Laboratory Detection

Section III. Viral Hepatitis
Symptoms of Hepatitis
Causative Agents
Hepatitis Immunological Markers

Section IV. Hepatitis A Virus
Virus Structure
Mode of Transmission
Incubation Period and Infectivity
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunological Assays

Section V. Hepatitis B Virus
Virus Structure
Mode of Transmission
Incubation Period and Infectivity
Hepatitis B Virus Immunological Assays
Types of Hepatitis B Virus Infections

Section VI. Hepatitis D Virus (Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus)
Virus Structure
Mode of Transmission
Incubation Period and Infectivity
Hepatitis D Virus Immunological Assays
Types of Hepatitis D Virus Infections

Section VII. Hepatitis Non-A, Non-B
Virus Structure
Mode of Transmission
Non-B Immunological Assays
Exercises
Solutions





Laboratory Mathematics Training Course

   

Training Manual - Laboratory Mathematics (181 Pages)


Lesson 1 - General Mathematics Review

Section I. Properties of Real Numbers
Some Fundamental Properties of Real Numbers
Definitions of Subtraction and Division
Properties of Zero
Properties of Negative Numbers
Properties of Fractions
Order of Operations
Exercises

Section II. Properties of Equality
Properties of Equality
Rules of Equality
Solving First Degree Equations
Problem-Solving Techniques
Exercises

Section III. Rounding Off Numbers
Rules
Exercises

Section IV. Scientific Notation
Exponents
Rules of Exponentiation
Expressing Numbers in Terms of Scientific Notation
Changing the Sign of the Exponent
Multiplication of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation
Division of Numbers Expressed in Scientific Notation
Exercises

Section V. Significant Figures
Determining the Number of Significant Figures in a Number
Implied Limits
Laboratory Application
Exercises

Section VI. Logarithms
Examples
Parts of a Logarithm
Determination of the Characteristic
Determination of the Mantissa
Determination of the Logarithm of a Number
Logarithms of Numbers Expressed as Exponentials
Determination of Antilogarithms
Use of Logarithms in Multiplication
Use of Logarithms in Division
Use of Logarithms to Find Roots of Numbers
Use of Logarithms to Find the Product of Numbers with Exponents
Exercises

Section VII. Solutions to Exercises
Solutions to Exercises


Lesson 2 - Introduction to Solution Mathematics

Section I. Grades of Laboratory Chemicals
Standards
Reagent Grade or Analytical Reagent Grade
Organic Grade
Chemically Pure Grade
Pharmacopeia and National Formulary Grades
Purified, Practical, or Pure Grades
Technical or Commercial Grades

Section II. Grades of Laboratory Water
Type I Water
Type II Water
Type III Water
Minimum Specifications for the Three Types of Water
Requirements for Standards and Reagents
Carbon-Dioxide-Free Water
Frequency of Water Testing

Section III. Parts of a Solution
Solvent
Solute
Examples

Section IV. Types of Solutions
Colloidal Solution
Emulsions
Saturated Solutions
Unsaturated Solutions

Section V. Percent Concentration
Weight/Volume Percent Solutions
Solving Weight/Volume Problems
Hydrates
Volume/Volume Percent Solution Problems
Weight/Weight Percent Solutions
Percent Composition Problems
Advantages and Disadvantages of Percent Solutions
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Molar Solutions

Section I. Mole Concept
Calculating Gram Molecular Weight
Moles and Gram Molecular Weight

Section II. Molarity and Molar Solutions
Solving Molarity Problems

Section III. Millimoles Per Liter
Discussion
Solving Millimole per Liter Problems

Section IV. Variations of Molarity Problems
Problems Involving Hydrates
Problems Involving Only Part of the Molecule
Advantages and Disadvantages of Molar Solutions
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Equivalent Solutions

Section I. Equivalent Weight
Determining the Gram Equivalent Weight
Exceptions in Calculating Gram Equivalent Weight
Equivalents

Section II. Normal Solutions
Solving Normality Problems

Section III. Milliequivalent per Liter (mEq/L) Solutions
Discussion
Solving Milliequivalent per Liter Problems

Section IV. Variations of Normality Problems
Problems Involving Hydrates
Problems That Consider Only Part of the Molecule
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Conversion of Concentration Units

Conversion from mol/L to g/dL and from g/dL to mol/L
Conversion from Eq/L to g/dL and from g/dL to Eq/L
Converting from mol/L to Eq/L and from Eq/L to mol/L
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 6 - Dilutions

Simple
Serial Dilutions
Preparation of a Working Solution from a Stock Solution
Preparation of Standards by Mixing
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 7 - Titration

Indicators and General Rules of Use
Performing an Acid-base Titration
Solving Titration Problems
Calculating the Reacting Strength of a Solution
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 8 - Concentrated Acids and Bases

Example
Specific Gravity and Density
Preparing Solutions from Concentrated Liquids
Problem Solving
Determining the Concentration of Concentrated Liquids
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 9 - pH and Buffers

Section I. Introduction
Arrhenius Concept
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
Weak Acids/Bases Versus Strong Acids/Bases

Section II. Dynamic Equilibrium
Law of Mass Action
Example

Section III. Dissociation of Water
Discussion
Ion Product of Water

Section IV. pH and pOH
Concept of pH
Application of Concept of pH
pOH
pH Scale
pOH Scale
Relationship Between pH and pOH

Section V. Hydrolysis of Salts
Hydrolysis of the Salt of a Weak Acid and a Strong Base
Hydrolysis of the Salt of a Strong Acid and a Weak Base
Hydrolysis of the Salt of a Weak Acid and a Weak Base

Section VI. Buffers
Mechanism of Action
The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Solving Buffer Problems
Exercises
Solutions

Appendix A - Review of Dimensional Analysis
Appendix B - Table of Four-Place Logarithms
Appendix C - Table of Common Elements and Radicals
Appendix D - Metric Prefixes





Microbiology for the Veterinary Specialist Training Course

   

Training Manual - Microbiology for the Veterinary Specialist (113 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Introduction to Microbiology

Section I. Introduction
Significance

Section II. Microbiological Relationships
Causation of Microbial Disease
Terminology
The Infectious Process

Section III. Aspects of Pathogenicity
Capsulation
Bacterial Toxins
Extracellular Enzymes

Section IV. Host Resistance
Nonspecific Factors
Specific Factors-immunological Response

Section V. The Bacterial Cell
Autotrophic Bacteria
Heterotrophic Bacteria
Morphology
Structure of Bacteria
Identification of Bacteria
Pathogenic Bacteria

Section VI. Collecting and Processing of Bacteriological Specimens
Basic Principles

Section VII. Microscopic Examination of Bacteria
General Comments
Gram Stain

Section VIII. Cultivation of Bacteria
Composition of Media
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)

Section IX. Environmental Factors
Temperature
Oxygen Requirements
Carbon Dioxide Requirements

Section X. Anaerobic Methods
Basic Principles

Section XI. Antibacterial Agents, Sterilization and Aseptic Technique
Antibacterial Agents
General Comments on Sterilization
Media Preparation
Heat
Filtration
Radiation
General Comments on Aseptic Technique
Working Area
Disposal of Contaminated Materials
Personal Cleanliness

Section XII. Isolation of Bacteria
Inoculating Loops and Needles
Streak Plate
Pour Plate Method
Test Tube Cultures
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Microorganisms Causing Foodborne Illness and Other Diseases of Publc Health Significance

Section I. Introduction to Foodborne Illness
Causes
Chemicals
Toxicants
Microbiological Agents or Their Toxins

Section II. Staphylococci
General Comments About Gram-positive Cocci
Pathogenicity of Staphylococci
Cultural Characteristics of Staphylococci

Section III. Streptococci
Introduction to the Streptococci
Hemolytic Patterns
Pathogenicity of the Streptococci

Section IV. Corynebacteria and Related Species
General Comments About the Gram-positive Bacilli
General Comments About the Genus Corynebacterium
Pathogenicity of the Corynebacteria
Listeria Monocytogenes
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

Section V. Bacillus Species
General Comments About the Genus Bacillus
Bacillus Spore Formation
Bacillus Cultures
Pathogenicity of Bacillus

Section VI. Clostridia
General Comments About the Genus Clostridium
Growth Requirements of Clostridia
Appearance of Clostridia
Pathogenicity of Clostridia

Section VII. Mycobacteria
General Comments About the Genus Mycobacterium
Pathogenicity

Section VIII. Enterobacteriaceae
Normal Flora and General Identification of Specie
Morphology and Culture
Pathogenicity of the Genus Escherichia
Pathogenicity of the Genus Klebsiella
Pathogenicity of the Genus Enterobacter
Pathogenicity of the Genus Proteus
Pathogenicity of the Genus Salmonella
Pathogenicity of the Genus Shigella

Section IX. Yersinia Pestis
Morphology
Pathogenicity

Section X. Pseudomonas
Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Pseudomonas Pseudomallei

Section XI. Brucella
General Types
Culture
Pathogenicity

Section XII. Bordetella
Culture

Section XIII. Francisella Tularensis
Morphology
Cultural Characteristics
Pathogenicity

Section XIV. Miscellaneous Organisms
Streptobacillus Moniliformis
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Food Spoilage Due to Microorganisms

Section I. Introduction
Causes of Spoilage

Section II. Bacterial Spoilage of Various Food Products
Bacterial Spoilage of Vegetables
Bacterial Spoilage of Fruits
Bacterial Spoilage of Fresh and Cured Meats, Poultry and Waterfoods
Bacterial Spoilage of Eggs
Bacterial Spoilage of Dairy Products
Bacterial Spoilage of Canned Foods

Section III. Molds
Introduction to Molds and Yeasts
Introduction to Molds
Molds in Food

Section IV. Yeasts
Introduction
Yeasts in Food
Exercises
Solutions






Mycology Training Course

   

Training Manual - Mycology (177 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Introduction to Medical Mycology

History
Classification of Fungi
Cultivation
Macroscopic Appearance of Fungi
Microscopic Structures
Mycoses
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Collection and Processing Procedures for Mycological Studies

Abscess Specimens
Biopsy Material
Blood Cultures
Bone Marrow
General Spinal Fluid
Hair, Skin and Nails (Dermatophytes)
Draining Fistula, Sinus Tract
Joint Fluid
Nasopharyngeal
Pleural Fluid
Sputum, Bronchial Washings
Thrush Lesions of Oral Cavity
Urine Specimen
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Saprophytic Fungi

Section I. Introduction
Reasons for Studying
Potential Clinical Importance
Opportunistic Infections

Section II. Zygomycetes
Mucor Species
Rhizopus Species
Syncephalastruh Species
Absidia Species

Section III. Deuteromycetes
Introduction to Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti)
Aspergillosis
Alternaria
Cladosporium
Drechslera
Curvularia
Penicillium
Paecilohyces
Nigrospora
Scopulariopsis
Trichoderma
Fusarium
Sepedoniuh
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Yeasts of Medical Importance

Candidiasis
Candida Albicans
Candida Tropicalis
Differentiation of Candida Species
Geotrichum Candiduh
Cryptococcus
Rhodotorula
Torulopsis
Saccharomyces
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 5 - Cutaneous Fungi

Section I. Superficial Fungi
Malassezia Furfur
Exophiala Herneckii
Piedraia Hortae
Trichosporon Bbigblli

Section II. Dermatophytes
Microsporum SPP
Epidermophyton Floccosuh
Trichophyton
Diseases Caused by Dermatophytes
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 6 - Subcutaneous Fungi

Mycetoma
Chromomycosis
Rhinosporidiosis
Sporothrichosis
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 7 - Systemic Mycoses

Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 8 - Mycological Procedures

Section I. Specimen Processing
Potassium Hydroxide with Glycerol
India Ink Reagents and Test
Lactophenol Cotton Blue Stain
Slide Culture

Section II. Organism Identification
Germ Tube Test
Sterile Rice Grain Test
Urease Test
In Vitro Hair Test
Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain
Saline Wet Mount
Cut-Streak Method for Morphology of Yeasts
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 9 - Media and Reagents

Section I. Media
Isolation Media
Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Antibiotics (Mycoseltm)
Brain Heart Infusion Agar
Potato Dextrose Agar
Cornmeal Agar
Cream of Rice Agar with Tween 80
Germ Tube Media
Rice Grains

Section II. Reagents
Lactophenol Cotton Blue Mounting Media
Potassium Hydroxide Solutions
Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain Reagents
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 10 - Maintaining Stock Cultures

Maintenance of 'Working' Stock Cultures
Placing Stock Cultures in Sterile Distilled Water
Placing Stock Cultures Under Oil
Recovering Organisms from Water Stock
Recovering Organisms from Oil Shock
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 11 - Commercial Kits

API* 20C Identification System
Minitektm Yeast Carbon Assimilation Test
Uni-Yeast-Tektm Yeast Identification System
API* Yeast-Identtm System
Exercises
Solutions
Appendix - Glossary of Terms





Parasitology Training Course

   

Training Manual 1 - Parasitology 1 (122 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Introduction to Parasitology

Section I. Overview of Parasitology
History of Parasitology
Types of Organism Relationships
Terms Important in Parasitology
Parasitic Attributes That Influence Disease
Host Attributes That Influence Resistance to Pathogenic Effects of Parasitism
Epidemiology
Preventive Measures
The Evolution of Parasites

Section II. Safety and Quality Control in the Parasitology Laboratory
Individual Health Hazards
Disposal of Contaminated Materials
Handling of Hazardous Reagents
Equipment in the Parasitology Laboratory
Stains and Reagents
Continuing Education

Section III. Taxonomy of Parasites Infecting Humans
Divisions of Living Organisms
Phylum Protozoo
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Aschelminthes
Phylum Acanthocephahelminthes

Section IV. Microscopy
Equipment
Care of the Microscope
Use of the Microscope
Operation of the Binocular Microscope
Parfocality
Kohler Illumination
Light Intensity
The Use of the Oil Immersion Objective
Scanning Techniques
The Stereoscope
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Collecting, Preserving and Processing Clinical Specimens

Section I. Overview
Types of Specimens
Preservations of Specimens
Processing
Serological Diagnosis

Section II. Blood Specimens
Collection of Specimens
The Venipuncture
The Capillary Puncture
Preservation of Blood
Anticoagulants
Fixation and Storage
Processing the Blood Smear

Section III. Gastrointestinal Tract Specimens
Collection of Gastrointestinal Tract Specimens
Macroscopic Examination
Occult Blood in Feces
Preservation
Processing of Gastrointestinal Specimens
Stain Reactions
Cultivation of Parasites
Exercises
Solutions
Appendix - Glossary



Training Manual 2 - Parasitology 2 (253 Pages)


Lesson 1 - Collecting, Preserving and Processing Clinical Specimens

Section I. Overview of Protozoo
History
Structure
Parasitic Protozoo

Section II. Class Rhizopoda
Locomotion and Digestion
Respiration and Reproduction
Amoebic States

Section III. Class Zoomastigophora
Lumen Flagellates
Blood and Tissue Flagellates
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Phylum Protozoo: Ciliata, Piroplasmasida and Sporozoa

Section I. Class Ciliata
Respiration and Reproduction
Parasitic Member of Class Ciliata

Section II. Class Piroplasmasida
Class
Function
Parasitic Member of Class Piroplasmasida

Section III. Class Sporozoa
Family Eimeriidae
Family Endodycoccidoridae
Family Plasmodiidae
Organisms of Class Sporozoa
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - Phylum Platyhelminthes

Section I. Overview of Platyhelminthes
Structure
Reproduction
Classes

Section II. Class Trematoda
Subclasses
Common Parasites of Class Trematoda

Section III. Class Cestoda
Orders
Common Parasites of Class Cestoda
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 4 - Phylum Aschelminthes: Phylum Acanthocephahelminthes: Arthropods and Vectors

Section I. Phylum Aschelminthes
Nematode Groups
Blood and Tissue Nematodes

Section II. Phylum Acanthocephelminthes
Macracanthorhynchus Hirudinaceus

Section III. Arthropod and Vectors
Morphological Characteristics
Exercises
Solutions


Appendix A - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
Appendix B - References
Appendix C - Medical Parasitology





Urinalysis Training Course

    

Training Manual - Urinalysis (84 Pages)


Lesson 1 - The Collection and Preservation of Specimens; Macroscopic and Physical Examination of Urine

Section I. Collection and Preservation of Specimens
Importance of Urinalysis
Random Specimen
First Morning Void
Two-Hour Postprandial
Twenty-Four Hour Specimen
Special Methods of Urine Collection
Preservation

Section II. Macroscopic and Physical Examination of Urine
Volume
Color
General Appearance of the Urine Sample
Specific Gravity
pH
Odor
Foam
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 2 - Chemical Measures

Specific Gravity
pH
Glucose
Ketones
Proteins
Proteins in Urine
Blood
Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Bacteriuria: Nitrite
Bacteriuria: Leukocyte Esterase
Exercises
Solutions


Lesson 3 - The Microscopic Examination of Urinary Sediment

Section I. Preparation and Illumination
Preparation of Urine Sediment for Examination (Unstained)
Basic Technique
Illumination of Microscopic Field
Common Sources of Error

Section II. Microscopic Examination of Organized Sediment
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Epithelial Cells
Casts - General Comments
Noncellular Casts
Cellular Casts
Pseudocasts

Section III. Microscopic Examination of Unorganized Sediment
Normal Crystals Found in Acid Urine
Abnormal Crystals Found in Acid Urine
Crystals Found in Alkaline Urine
Extraneous Structures
Introduction
Formula
Discussion
Procedure
White Blood Cells
Epithelial Cells
Casts
Miscellaneous Structures
Exercises
Solutions













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