This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1918 Excerpt: ...ecomically the temperature of a furnace, and the corrosive action of other substances with which they come into contact. Refractoriness may, therefore, be a vice or a virtue, according to circumstances, and a given material may be refractory in one process, but break down easily if employed in ather. The increased demand for refractory materials during the war, particularly in the manufacture of steel and glass, has shown the need for further scientific investigation. Experiment on the large scale is costly, especially if carried out in an unscientific manner. The help of chemists is therefore essential in determining the composition and the chemical and physical properties of such substances, having in view the purposes to which they are to be applied. The work is t confined to the investigation of kwn refractories, but is extended to the discovery and utilisation of new refractories to cope with the conditions created by their employment in high temperature furnaces. Having selected a suitable material, from the chemical point of view, it is necessary to ascertain whether it will withstand, without shrinkage, fusion or softening--and consequent deformation--the temperature required for the desired reaction. The refractory that will last for ever has yet to be found, but that with the longest life is the most ecomical, provided the saving effected by the increased length of life--renewals being less frequently required--plus the saving of time and labour, in more continuous running of the furnace, is proportionate to any additional cost. The subject has long been treated more or less scientifically, the older refractories being classified into acid, basic, and neutral materials., As examples of the acid class we have fire-clays, such as ganister, ..