Table Of ContentTable of Contents IntroductionPart I Courts in the Formative Era, 1776-1860Chapter One Founding the Federal Courts 1776-1789Chapter Two Open for Business, 1789-1801Chapter Three A New Beginning, 1801-1835Chapter Four The Antebellum Courts, 1836-1860Part II Courts and the Founding of Modern America, 1861-1929Chapter Five The Courts in Crisis Times, 1861-1876Chapter Six The "Gilded Age" Courts, 1876-1896Chapter Seven Federal Courts in the Progressive Era, 1897-1919Chapter Eight Federal Courts in the "Age of Anxiety," 1921-1929 Part III No Longer the Weakest Branch, The Courts from 1929 to 1986Chapter Nine The Courts in the Great Depression, 1929-1940 Chapter Ten Federal Courts and the "Good War," 1941-1945 Chapter Eleven The Courts and the Cold War, 1946-1954Chapter Twelve Federal Courts in the Civil Rights Era, 1955-1969Chapter Thirteen Reform and Reaction: the Federal Courts, 1969-1986 An Afterword by John Cooke and Russell Wheeler Conclusion Whither the Federal Courts?NotesBibliographical Note Index
SynopsisThere are moments in American history when all eyes are focused on a federal court: when its bench speaks for millions of Americans, and when its decision changes the course of history. More often, the story of the federal judiciary is simply a tale of hard work: of finding order in the chaotic system of state and federal law, local custom, and contentious lawyering. The Federal Courts is a story of all of these courts and the judges and justices who served on them, of the case law they made, and of the acts of Congress and the administrative organs that shaped the courts. But, even more importantly, this is a story of the courts' development and their vital part in America's history.Peter Charles Hoffer, Williamjames Hull Hoffer, and N. E. H. Hull's retelling of that history is framed the three key features that shape the federal courts' narrative: the separation of powers; the federal system, in which both the national and state governments are sovereign; and the widest circle: the democratic-republican framework of American self-government. The federal judiciary is not elective and its principal judges serve during good behavior rather than at the pleasure of Congress, the President, or the electorate. But the independence that lifetime tenure theoretically confers did not and does not isolate the judiciary from political currents, partisan quarrels, and public opinion. Many vital political issues came to the federal courts, and the courts' decisions in turn shaped American politics. The federal courts, while the least democratic branch in theory, have proved in some ways and at various times to be the most democratic: open to ordinary people seeking redress, for example. Litigation in the federal courts reflects the changing aspirations and values of America's many peoples. The Federal Courts is an essential account of the branch that provides what Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Judge Oliver Wendell Homes Jr. called "a magic mirror, wherein we see reflected our own lives.", The Federal Courts is a history of the federal courts system, its personnel, case law, and its relations with the other branches of the federal government and with state government, from the drafting of the constitution to the modern era., There are moments in American history when all eyes are focused on a federal court: when its bench speaks for millions of Americans, and when its decision changes the course of history. More often, the story of the federal judiciary is simply a tale of hard work: of finding order in the chaotic system of state and federal law, local custom, and contentious lawyering. The Federal Courts is a story of all of these courts and the judges and justices who served on them, of the case law they made, and of the acts of Congress and the administrative organs that shaped the courts. But, even more importantly, this is a story of the courts' development and their vital part in America's history. Peter Charles Hoffer, Williamjames Hull Hoffer, and N. E. H. Hull's retelling of that history is framed the three key features that shape the federal courts' narrative: the separation of powers; the federal system, in which both the national and state governments are sovereign; and the widest circle: the democratic-republican framework of American self-government. The federal judiciary is not elective and its principal judges serve during good behavior rather than at the pleasure of Congress, the President, or the electorate. But the independence that lifetime tenure theoretically confers did not and does not isolate the judiciary from political currents, partisan quarrels, and public opinion. Many vital political issues came to the federal courts, and the courts' decisions in turn shaped American politics. The federal courts, while the least democratic branch in theory, have proved in some ways and at various times to be the most democratic: open to ordinary people seeking redress, for example. Litigation in the federal courts reflects the changing aspirations and values of America's many peoples. The Federal Courts is an essential account of the branch that provides what Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Judge Oliver Wendell Homes Jr. called "a magic mirror, wherein we see reflected our own lives."