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Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Systematic Review to Update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommentation: Evidence Synthesis Number 110 by U S Department of Healt Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Resea And Quality (Paperback / softback, 2014)

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This report was commissioned by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in order to update its 2004 recommendation on screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in npregnant adolescents and adults. In 2004, the USPSTF recommended against screening asymptomatic persons in the general population for chronic HBV infection, based on a lack of evidence showing that screening improves morbidity or mortality associated with HBV infection; that the prevalence of HBV infection is low in the general population; and that the majority of infected individuals do t develop chronic infection, cirrhosis, or other HBV-related liver disease. The USPSTF ted the poor predictive value of screening strategies for identifying persons at high risk for infection and limited evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions. The USPSTF also pointed out that routine vaccination has reduced the number of new HBV infections, particularly for children and adolescents, decreasing the burden of chronic HBV infection. HBV is a double-stranded DNA virus enclosed in a nucleocapsid protein (core antigen) surrounded by an envelope protein (surface antigen, or sAg). Serologic markers are usually the initial tests used to determine HBV infection status; subsequent tests in persons with markers indicating active infection are performed to determine the presence and level of circulating HBV DNA. Acute HBV infection (within 6 months after infection) is typically characterized by the initial appearance of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) without other serologic markers, followed by the appearance of immuglobin M (IgM) antibody to the HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Chronic infection is characterized by the persistent presence of HBsAg for longer than 6 months; HBV DNA levels can fluctuate and are t a reliable marker of chronic infection. The presence of HBV e antigen (HBeAg) is usually associated with high levels of HBV DNA in serum and high infectivity. Resolution of HBV infection and immunity are typically characterized by disappearance of HBsAg and appearance of antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) as well as anti-HBc. Although disappearance of HBeAg and appearance of antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) eventually occurs in most patients with chronic HBV infection, typically correlating with low levels of HBV DNA in serum and remission of liver disease, patients (primarily from southern Europe or Asia) who are HBeAg negative due to mutations that prevent HBeAg expression can have persistent active disease. Key Questions are-1. What are the benefits of screening for HBV versus screening in asymptomatic, npregnant adolescents and adults on morbidity, mortality, and disease transmission? 2. What are the harms of screening for HBV infection (e.g., labeling, anxiety, and harms of confirmatory tests, including biopsy)? 3. How well do different screening strategies identify individuals with HBV infection (e.g., strategies that target persons from high-prevalence countries, men who have sex with men, injection drug users, immunization history, or other risk factors)? 4. In npregnant adolescents and adults with evidence of HBV immunity on screening, how effective is HBV vaccination for improving clinical outcomes? 5. In npregnant adolescents and adults with chronic HBV infection, how effective is antiviral treatment at improving intermediate outcomes (virological or histological improvement or clearance of HBeAg)? 6. In npregnant adolescents and adults with chronic HBV infection, how effective is antiviral treatment at improving health outcomes? 7. In npregnant adolescents and adults with chronic HBV infection, how effective is education or behavior change counseling in reducing transmission and improving health outcomes? 8. What are the harms associated with antiviral treatment for HBV infection? 9. Do improvements in intermediate outcomes improve final health outcomes?

Product Identifiers

Publisher
CreateSpace
ISBN-10
1500235423
ISBN-13
9781500235420
eBay Product ID (ePID)
220912262

Product Key Features

Author
Agency for Healthcare Resea and Quality, US Department of Healt Human Services
Format
Paperback / Softback, Trade Paperback (US) ,Unsewn / Adhesive Bound
Language
English
Subject
Medicine: General
Type
Textbook

Additional Product Features

Content Note
Black & White Illustrations
Date of Publication
18/06/2014
Country of Publication
United States

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